What is noun gender in French?
Unlike English, French nouns have a gender(genre): they can be masculine(masculin) or feminine(féminin). There are different ways to find out a noun’s gender: we can look in the dictionary and check for the abbreviations m. (masculine) or f. (feminine); we can check the noun’s ending, which generally gives an indication whether the noun is masculine or feminine; or we can look at the noun’s article. Nouns with le or un are masculine, and nouns with la or une are feminine. You should always learn nouns together with their articles to be sure of their gender.
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Learn all about the gender of nouns in French grammar with Lingolia’s quick and easy examples, then put your knowledge to the test in the free exercises.
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Example
How to tell if a noun is masculine or feminine in French?
Typical endings for French masculine nouns
Ending | Example |
---|---|
-e/-é | le maître, le résumé, le pré |
-eur | le vendeur, le danseur |
-ien | le musicien, le chien |
-(i)er | le boucher, l’ouvrier |
-on | le baron, le patron exceptions: la boisson, la façon, la liaison, la maison, la raison, la rançon, la saison, la chanson |
-teur | le traducteur |
-age | le garage, le sauvetage exceptions: la cage, l’image, la nage, la page, la plage, la rage |
-al | le journal, le cheval |
-eau | le bateau, le château exceptions: l’eau, la peau |
-ent | le segment, le présent exception: la jument |
-et | le billet, le projet |
-asme/ -isme | le fantasme, l’enthousiasme, le tourisme, le charisme |
-in | le cousin, le baldaquin |
-oir | l’arrosoir, le fermoir |
-ail | le travail |
the cardinal points | le nord, le sud, l’est, l’ouest |
days months seasons | le lundi, le jeudi, le dimanche février, avril, octobre l’été, le printemps, l’automne, l’hiver |
the trees | le sapin, le peuplier, le chêne |
the languages | le français, l’allemand, l’anglais |
Typical endings for French feminine nouns
Ending | Example |
---|---|
-esse | la maîtresse |
-euse | la vendeuse, la danseuse |
-ienne | la musicienne, la chienne |
-(i)ère | la bouchère, l’ouvrière |
-onne | la baronne, la patronne |
-trice | la traductrice |
-ade | la pommade, la façade exception: le stade |
-ance/-ence | l’ambulance, l’essence exception: le silence |
-ée | l’arrivée, l’idée exceptions: le musée, le lycée, le trophée, l’apogée, le mausolée |
-elle | la demoiselle |
-ette | la poussette, la cigarette |
-ie | la géologie, la librairie exception: l’incendie |
-ine | la cuisine, la cabine |
-ise | la surprise, la devise |
-aille | la trouvaille |
-t(i)é | la pitié, la confidentialité exceptions: le comité, le côté, l’été, le pâté |
-ure | la confiture, la culture exception: le murmure |
the continents | l’Europe, l’Asie |
academic disciplines | la médecine, la philosophie, la chimie |
People/Animals
- For people and animals, the gender of the noun usually corresponds to the biological gender.
Masculine | Feminine | |
---|---|---|
People | le garçon (the boy) | la fille (the girl) |
Animals | le coq (the rooster) | la poule (the hen) |
- Certain animal nouns have a fixed gender and refer to both males and females. To specify the animal’s biological gender, we add the word mâle (male) or femelle (female) before or after the noun.
- Example:
- La souris mâle.
- La femelle du crocodile.
- However, there are also nouns that have one form for both the masculine and the feminine.
- Example:
- un/une touriste
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Job titles
- Certain job titles do not have a separate feminine form because they already end in -e.
- Examples:
- un/une journaliste
- un/une libraire
- un/une interprète
- un/une ministre
- Likewise, there are other job titles that only exist in the masculine form but refer to both men and women.
- Examples:
- un/une ingénieur
- un/une professeur
- un/une chirurgien
- un/une médecin
- The majority of professions that were previously only associated with men now have their own feminine form, except for those ending in -e or -eur. However, the use of these feminine forms is not very common, not is it compulsory.
- Examples:
- un magistrat – une magistrate/une magistrat
- un écrivain – une écrivaine/une écrivain
- Exception: un auteur – une auteure
- Certain professions only exist in the masculine form (grammatically!) but describe both men and women:
- Examples:
- un plombier
- un mécanicien
- Likewise, there are some professions that only have a feminine form in French grammar:
- Examples:
- une sage-femme
- une hôtesse de l’air (masculine form: un steward}}
- une femme de ménage (masculine form: un technicien de surface}}
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Long boy lunge mac os. Some job titles only exist in the masculine because their meaning changes when they are used in the feminine form.
- Examples:
- le médecin (a doctor) — la médecine (medicine)
- le jardinier (a gardener) — la jardinière (window box)
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Names of countries and reagions
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- All countries ending with -e are feminine.
- Examples:
- la France
l’Allemagne
la Chine
la Bretagne
la Provence
- All countries ending with a different vowel or a consonant are masculine.
- Examples:
- le Canada
le Pérou
le Maroc
le Japon
le Portugal